Dr. N.L. Kachhara
There are 8.4 million birthplaces (yoni). The number of species is much greater as more than one species (kula) can take birth in one birthplace. For instance, dung is a birthplace. Species like worm, insect etc. can be born in dung. The total number of birthplaces and species are given below.
| Soul Category | Birthplaces (Millions) | Species (Millions) | ||
| 1. | Earth body soul | 0.7 | 1.2 | |
| 2. | Water body soul | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| 3. | Fire body soul | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| 4. | Air body soul | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| 5. | Common body plants | 1.0 | } | 2.8 |
| 6. | Solitary body plants | 1.4 | ||
| 7. | Two sense organisms | 0.2 | 0.7 | |
| 8. | Three sense organisms | 0.2 | 0.8 | |
| 9. | Four sense organisms | 0.2 | 0.9 | |
| 10. | Five sense animals | 0.4 | ||
| Aquatic creatures | 1.25 | |||
| Birds | 1.20 | |||
| Terrestrial animals | 1.00 | |||
| Creeping reptiles | 0.90 | |||
| Armed reptiles | 0.90 | |||
| 11. | Human beings | 1.4 | 1.2 | |
| 12. | Infernal beings | 0.4 | 2.5 | |
| 13. | Celestial beings | 0.4 | 2.6 | |
| Total | 8.4 | 20.05 |
