Acharya Tulsi
 | Chapter 7 | The Relevance Of The Jaina Religion To Modern Problems |
here are two fundamental substances in the universe, animate and inanimate.
The universe is neither absolutely of the nature of soul, nor absolutely of the nature of matter. It is both - spiritual and material.
Both the kinds of substances (animate and inanimate) of which the universe is composed have their independent existence.
Neither is the inanimate born of the animate, nor the vice versa.
There is an infinite number of animate substances or living beings.
Existence of every living being is independent of every other living being.
There are five kinds of inanimate substances:
| 1. | dharmastikaya: | the medium of motion. |
| 2. | adharmastikaya: | the medium of rest. |
| 3. | akasastikaya: | the container substance or space. |
| 4. | kala: | the cause of change / time. |
| 5. | pudgala: | the substance having touch, taste, smell and colour. |
