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Baraha Bhävanäs/Anuprekshas (Twelve kinds of Reflections/contemplations) mainly for Monks but laymen can also contemplate.
Jain religion puts a significant emphasis on the thought process of a human being. A person’s behaviour and his actions are the reflection of his internal thoughts. It is not only the action but also intention behind the action results in the accumulation of Karma. Hence, one should be very careful about his thoughts, and the subject matter of his thought.
To make room for pure thoughts, and to drive out the evil ones, Jainism recommends reflecting or meditating on the twelve thoughts known as the Twelve Bhävanä (Anuprekshä), or Reflections. These Twelve Bhävanäs are mainly for monks but laymen can also practice for these (refer post no. # 26 for four Bhävanäs of laymen).
These Twelve Bhävanäs cover a wide field in Jainism. They are designed to serve as an aid to spiritual progress leading to the path of renunciation. They are reflections upon the fundamental facts of life. They stop entry of new karmas as well as eradicate old karmas while one is engaged in these Bhävanäs (reflections). The followings are main twelve Bhävanäs or reflections/Contemplations:
1)Anitya Bhävanä (Impermanence):
All external substances including the body are transitory (Anitya). They are perishable and therefore, we should not have attachment for them.
2)Asharan Bhävanä (Helplessness):
Human beings are experiencing tremendous agitation. When death occurs and the soul has to leave the body there is no one who can save a Jiva who is helpless. Wealth, family etc. have to be given up at such a time. No worldly things can provide refuge so why should we depend upon them.
3)Sansär Bhävanä (Cycle of life and death):
In the cycle of Sansär, i.e. birth and death, mother can become wife; wife can become mother; and an enemy can become a friend; etc. How futile is the world? We should not have any attachment for it.
4)Ekatva Bhävanä (Solitariness):
“I am alone, I was born alone, I will die alone, I am sick alone, I have to suffer alone, I have to experience the karmas, which I have acquired alone.” Therefore, one should be cautious and keep away from attachment and hatred.
5)Anyatva Bhävanä (Otherness of the body):
“This body is transitory and it is different from me. I am the soul, which is not perishable. The body is perishable and wealth and family are not mine. They are different from me; therefore, I discard attachment for all these things.”
6)Ashuchi Bhävanä (Impurity of body):
“This body is made up of impure substances. Impure substances are nourishing it. I will discard my attachments for this body and engage myself in self-discipline, renunciation, and spiritual endeavours.”
7)Äsrava Bhävanä (Inflow of karma):
Thinking on inflow of karmas. All causes that create the inflow of karmas should be discarded.
8)Samvar Bhävanä (Stoppage of karma):
Samvar means blocking the inflow of karmas. One must contemplate on Samiti, Gupti, Yati-dharma etc (we will talk about this in future posts). One must carry out these activities and try to reduce or stop new bondage of karma.
9)Nirjarä Bhävanä (Eradication of karma):
Nirjarä means to shed off whatever karmas we have. One must think of the benefits that accrue from each of the 12 kinds of Tapas or the austerities, which cause Nirjarä. One must contemplate on these austerities in order to destroy sins.
10)Lokasvabhäva Bhävanä (The nature of cosmos):
Lokasvabhäva means one must contemplate on the three Lokas (World), namely: 1) the upper world, 2) the middle world, 3) the lower world, and also the whole universe filled with souls and Pudgalas (matters).
11)Bodhidurlabha Bhävanä (Rarity of enlightenment):
One must contemplate on how difficult it is for the souls that are wandering aimlessly in the four stages of existence in the Sansär to attain the Jina dharma (liberation). There should not be even the slightest negligence in observing the religion propagated by the Jina.”
12)Dharma Bhävanä (Religion):
“Oh: Arihanta Bhagawän, the omniscient, has expounded an excellent Shruta Dharma and Chäritra Dharma. I will engage myself in these Dharmas.”
One should carry out these contemplations again and again to detach oneself from all mundane things of this world.
However, there are four auxiliary Bhävanäs (refer post no.#26) that represent the positive means of supporting the Five Vows. They are intended to develop purity of thought and sincerity in the practice of religion. They play very important role in the day-to-day life of a householder and these reflections can be practiced very easily. Adopting these Bhävanäs in daily life can make a person very virtuous.
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