The Jaina Doctrine of Karma And The Science Of Genetics: RNA - Messenger "The Codons"

RNA - Messenger "The Codons"

Fig. 31: Combination of ribose nucleotides with a strand of DNA to form a molecule of RNA that carries the DNA code from the gene to cytoplasm. The RNA polymerase moves along the DNA strand and builds the RNA molecule along the DNA strand and builds. Messenger RNA moelcules are long single RNA strand that are suspended in the cytoplasm. These molecules are composed of several hundreds to several thousand nucleotides in unpaired strands and they contain 'codons' that are exactly complementary to the code triplets of the genes.

	Below figure 32 illustrate small segment of a molecule of messenger RNA. Its codon are CCG, UCU and GAA. These are codons for the amino acids proline, serine and glutamic acid. The transcription of these codons from the DNA molecule is demonstrated in above fig. 31.
Fig. 32: Portion of a ribonucleic acid molecule, showing three "code" words, CCG, UCU, and GAA, which represent the three amino acids proline, serine and glutamic acid.

Table-1: RNA codons for the different amino acids and for start and stop

Following Table 1 gives the RNA codons for 20 comon amino acids found in protein molecules. Note that most of the amino acids are presented by more than one codon, also one codon represents the signal "start manufacturing a protein" and three codons represent "stop manufacturing a protein molecule". In table 1 below these two types of codons are designated CI for "Chain Initiating" and CT for "Chain Terminating".