The Jaina Doctrine of Karma And The Science Of Genetics: ▪ Functions Of Different Parts Of The Cells

#	Cell Component	Function
01.	Cell Walls	It protects the protoplast from injuries. Provides definite shape to the cell. It provides rigidity and strength to the cell.
02.	Plasma membrane	It is differentially permeable membrane through which translocation of material occurs.
03.	Cytoplasm	It is the executive centre of the cellular functions.
04.	Hyaloplasm or matrix	It contains substances and enzymes for the biochemical processes.
05.	Cytoplasmic Organelles
	(a) Plastids (In plants only)	Photo synthesis Storage of pigments, starch and some other cellular products
	(b) Mitochondria	Completion of Kreb's cycle. Synthesis of ATP—the energy rich compound. Electron transport chain. B-oxydation of fatti acids.
	(c) Golgi complex	Storage of synthesis proteins and enzymes. Secretion of certain substances.
	(d) Endoplasmic reticulum	Acts as ultra structural skeletal framework in the cell. Provides increased surface for the various enzymatic activities, which normally occur at a cross membrane surface. Transports extra cellular and intra cellular molecules. Forms nuclear envelop at the telophase.
	(e) Microsomes	The ribosome particles attached to the membranes of endoplasmic reticulum and microsomes are the main sites for protein synthesis in the cell.
	(f) Ribosomes	These are the sites for protein synthesis in the cell.
	(g) Lysosome	Acts as the store house for a number of hydrolysing enzymes which help in the digestion of intracellular particles. Destroys bacteria and other foreign bodies inside the cell.
	(h) Microbodies	Contain enzymes for hydrogen peroxide for metabolism, purine metabolism, gluconogenesis and photo respiration.
	(i) Microtubules	Transportation water and small molecules of various substances. From structural units of centrioles, base grounds, cilia and flagella and mitotic spindles. Help in cytoplasmic movement.
	(j) Centrosome	The contrioles form the spindle and have significant role in the movement of chromosomes during nuclear division.
	(k) Flagella & cilia	These are extra cellular projections which help in the movement of cell.
6.	Vacuoless	Act as asmoregularly structures in the cell. Act as storage depots for excess water products, pigments etc. Acts as excretory structures.
7.	Nucleus	It is the controlling centre for all the vital functions of the cell.
	(a) Nucleus envelop	It provides active continuity of ground plasm between nucleus and cytoplasm.
	(b) Nucleoplasm (c) Chromatic reticulum and chromosomes	It contains material for the synthesis of nucleic acids. These are bearers of the hereditary instructions and for the regulation of cellular processes.
	(d) Nucleolus	It disappears during nuclear division and forms matrix sheath around the chromosomes. Acts as a store house for ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNA.

#	Plant Cell	Animal Cell
01.	Presence of cellulosic cell wall.	No cell wall of cellulose presnet.
02.	Presence of large vacuoles.	Vacuoles in animal cells and small.
03.	Plastids present in most cells.	Plastids absent in animal cells excepting some protozoa (euglenae).
04.	Centrioles absent in the plant cells excepting a few algae.	Centrioles are common in all animal cells.

From the detailed study of different components of protoplasma it is evident that each structure in the cell has to perform special vital activity. Thus the cell is actually an exceedingly complex factory in which a large number of chemical processes are going on simultaneously. The cytoplasm by virtue of its different organelles is regarded as execution centre for metabolic processes, and the nucleus by virtue of its genes can be regarded as the regulating or controlling centre of the cell.^[131]